How are Rohingya Muslims – They are member of a Muslim people inhabiting western Burma(Myanmar): the UNHCR estimates 800,000 Rohingya live in Burma’s mountainous Rakhine state.
A Rohingya Muslim mother, having walked for 13 consecutive days to Bangladesh, collapses in utter exhaustion.
The Rohingyas’ freedom of movement is severely restricted and the vast majority of them have effectively been denied Burmese citizenship. They are also subjected to various forms of extortion and arbitrary taxation; land confiscation; forced eviction and house destruction; and financial restrictions on marriage.
—Amnesty International in 2004 (1)
Rohingyas Muslim ethnic group , who live in northern Rakhine State, western Myanmar, continually suffering from multiple restrictions and human rights violations in Myanmar .
They are also subjected to forced eviction and house destruction; land confiscation and various forms of extortion and arbitrary taxation including financial restrictions on marriage. Rohingyas continue to be used as forced labourers on roads and at military camps, although the amount of forced labour in northern Rakhine State has decreased over the last decade.
In addition, the vast majority of Rohingyas are effectively denied Myanmar citizenship, rendering them stateless.
Everyone has the right to freedom of opinion and expression; this right includes freedom to hold opinions without interference and to seek, receive and impart information and ideas through any media and regardless of frontiers.
Amnesty International is concerned that the local Myanmar authorities’ policies concerning the Rohingya population in the northern Rakhine State result in violations of a wide range of their basic human rights. While the general human rights situation in Myanmar is far from satisfactory,1 the Rohingyas suffer from specific deeply discriminatory policies targeting them. Other ethnic nationalities in the northern Rakhine State are not subjected to the same extent to such restrictions and human rights violations.
The Rohingya people have been described as “one of the world’s least wanted minorities” and “some of the world’s most persecuted people”.The Rohingya are deprived of the right to free movement and the right to higher education.They have been denied Burmese citizenship since the Burmese nationality law was enacted. They are not allowed to travel without official permission and they were previously required to sign a commitment not to have more than two children, though the law was not strictly enforced. They are subjected to routine forced labour. (Typically, a Rohingya man will have to give up one day a week to work on military or government projects, and one night a week for sentry duty.) The Rohingya have also lost a lot of arable land, which has been confiscated by the military and given to Buddhist settlers from elsewhere in Myanmar.
Person who born on earth has born with some rights which is are – Right of Basic food, shelter, education & equal rights as other people have .
Wherever men and women are persecuted because of their race, religion, or political views, that place must — at that moment — become the center of the universe.
Buddhist majority have caused discrimination
They have lived in Myanmar for centuries but tensions with Myanmar’s Buddhist majority have caused discrimination and harassment. Cases of rape, torture, arbitrary detention, and violence against Rohingya are commonplace, with many incidents going unreported as enforcement officers turn a blind eye. These perpetrators are not solely confined to the local population, but also include the authorities and law enforcers themselves. Tensions increased in 2012, when three Rohingya Muslim men were convicted of raping a local Rakhine Buddhist woman, which led to the 2012 Rakhine State riots.
International Convention
Myanmar, otherwise known as Burma at the time, was one of the 48 countries that voted for the adoption of the Universal Declaration of Human Rights (UDHR) by the United Nations General Assembly in 1948. Article 2 of the UDHR states that “Everyone is entitled to all the rights and freedoms set forth in this Declaration, without distinction of any kind, such as race, colour, sex, language, religion, political or other opinion, national or social origin, property, birth or other status.” [2]
Also, Article 5 of the UDHR states that “No one shall be subjected to torture or to cruel, inhuman or degrading treatment or punishment.” [3] However, the United Nations Convention against Torture which aims to prevent torture and other acts of cruel, inhuman, or degrading treatment or punishment, around the world, has not been signed nor ratified by Myanmar, as of 2016.
In addition, Myanmar is also not a party to the Convention relating to the Status of Stateless Persons, which aims to protect stateless individuals or the International Covenant on Civil and Political Rights (ICCPR) that aims to ensure States respect individual’s civil and political rights, which includes but are not limited to, the right to life and freedom of religion.
Research done by scholars in Yale Law School found empirical evidence that the Rohingya have historically suffered serious and persistent human right abuses, and these actions have increased in frequency in recent years.[4] Since 2012, living conditions and human rights abuses have worsened with reports of beheadings, stabbings, killings, beatings, mass arrests and villages and neighbourhoods being burned to the ground, however, there remains a lack of justice and accountability by the Government of Myanmar, thus representing failure of state protection.[5]
(Conversation between Indian Express correspondents & Bangladesh High Commissioner)
Question– It has been nearly two months since the Rohingya refugee crisis erupted; five years after the first exodus in 2012. What do you make of Bangladesh’s position on the crisis? Are you concerned about India’s position? By SHUBHAJIT ROY
Answer given by the The Bangladesh High Commissioner-Myanmar border is tense. They (Myanmar) have heavily mined the entire border keeping only 40 miles open. There have been some serious accidents also. Myanmar has violated our airspace a number of times. Our Foreign Minister and Prime Minister have already expressed their concern and urged that the issue be resolved peacefully. When Prime Minister Narendra Modi visited Myanmar, a joint declaration was adopted. After the visit, I met Foreign Secretary S Jaishankar. Since then, India has updated its position and a fresh statement was issued. India has also joined us, and all the members of UNHCR, in adopting a resolution to give a fresh mandate to a UN team to continue to pursue the human rights situation in Myanmar. ( this is part of full answer given by Bangladesh High Commissioner to India Syed Muazzem Ali to Indian Express) click the link for full interview.
The reaction of United States of America
Nikki Haley , the American Permanent Representative to the United Nations, said that her government was “deeply troubled” by reports of atrocities. Sarah Huckabee Sanders , the White House Press Secretary , said that President Donald Trump was “aware and monitoring” the situation. Trump reportedly expressed outrage over the atrocities during a meeting with the Prime Minister of Malaysia.
The Convention relating to the Status of Stateless Persons is a 1954 United Nations multilateral treaty that aims to protect stateless individuals.
The United Nations Charter and Universal Declaration of Human Rights were approved on 10 December 1948. Of significance, the Declaration at Article 15 affirms that:
Everyone has the right to a nationality.
No one shall be arbitrarily deprived of his nationality nor denied the right to change his nationality.
As those articles will be mentioned which is violated in case Rohingya Muslim br myanmar.
Article 1
The Convention applies to stateless persons under the protection of the UNHCR but not to those under the protection of other UN Agencies. It does not apply to persons with rights and obligations acknowledged by their country of residence as indistinguishable from those attached to the possession of that country’s nationality.
Article 7
Contracting States shall accord to stateless persons the same treatment as is accorded to aliens generally.
Article 12
Personal status (e.g. marital status) of a stateless person to be governed by the law of his/her domicile ahead of the law of his/her residence.
Article 13
Rights to property to be no less than accorded to aliens generally.
Rasheduzzaman, professor of international relations at Dhaka University, said the reformist administration of Myanmar is said to be democratic; however, there were no signs that its strategy on the Rohingya would see an improvement soon. Indeed, even the opposition democratic pioneer Aung San Suu Kyi, who had been kept under house arrest for nearly 15 of the 21 years from 1989 to 2010, is quiet on it. It implies the humanitarian crisis on the Rohingya issue that the world sees today may have no end in sight.[6]
On 8 February 2017, Pope Francis officially condemned the Myanmar government’s treatment of Rohingya Muslims[7] The Kofi Annan Foundation also published the complete final report of the Advisory Commission on Rakhine State which was accepted by the Myanmar government in August 2017, citing 10% of the world’s stateless people as having originated from Rakhine. [8]
This article is has used many sources from newspaper, journals, Wikipedia. There links also provided with the matter , it’s not exactly same . Some changes in language, length & use some relevant part as per the article requirements.
As this article is for people of Rohingya Muslims those suffering unnecessarily. As we all can request to UN & neighbouring countries of Myanmar to support refugees & set some solutions for Rohingya Muslim. At least they get basic human rights.
I think they have to stand for there freedom, they have to stand for themselves, for there kids future. They can’t escape from the reality that the Myanmar is there native land , there ancestors born on that land. They should fight for there own rights- At this moment I remember the quote of Br Ambedkar
Lost rights are never regained by appeals to the conscience of the usurpers,
but by relentless struggle…. Goats are used for sacrificial offerings and not lions.
I hope we will unite together for injustice happening with human beings.
This article still need more improvement & open for your valuable suggestions/ comments.
Article title is a quote of -Hayley Williams
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